Types of Visual Improvement Operations - Advantages and Disadvantages

So far, the problem of damage to vision (rapid development of various ophthalmics) in people of different categories of age is very acute. It is all to blame for a careless attitude towards health and excessive load on the vision organ. Computers, tablets, phones, televisions and e -books - all these things can not only simplify life, but vice versa, damage.

Fortunately, science does not stay calm and those diseases that have previously been subjected to treatment, you can now eliminate almost without consequences and complications.

Laser vision correction

Lazer vision correction is an opportunity not only to abandon glasses and contact lenses, but also the only effective and safe way to maintain vision in old age.

The advantages of this procedure:

Security. Relatively low probability of developing serious complications. Efficiency for any violation. The operation is performed not only to improve the vision and get rid of the optics. In some cases, laser correction cannot be distributed (this applies to diseases that lead to blindness). Without pain. Before the procedure begins, the patient is buried in the sight organ anesthetic drug, so the maximum patient may feel is mild discomfort at certain stages of surgical intervention. Continuity. The procedure itself lasts a minute, the main time is spent on preparation to spend it. Short recovery period. In this case, there is no need for design in a hospital. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and after it the patient can go home. Stability and predictability. How effective the surgery will be is almost always known to the doctor before him. The result persists for a long time (exclusion may be the presence of progressive myopia in the patient).

The choice of a specialist and the place of surgery always remains behind the patient. The procedure and the services of a physician in private clinics may vary. Their formation is influenced by many factors. Therefore, it is worth devoting time to find information and clarify all the questions of interest in advance.

Varieties of surgery

There are several methods of correction. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. List of Laser Correction Types:

laser keratomilesis (subepithelial); Photo Refraction Keratectomy; Femtosecond LKZ.

The photo refraction of the photo refraction (Federal Migration Service) was first passed in Germany a few decades ago. Using this procedure, an exposure to the cornea by one with a jump laser. The testimony of performing are astigmatism, myopia and foresight.

A considerable obstacle to the photography response kerattectomy method is a long and unpleasant period of recovery. Also, the vision after the procedure does not return immediately, but gradually, complications are possible. Therefore, they only turn to it when other more modern and effective methods are contraindicated.

Subepithelial laser (Lasek) keratomilesis. Unlike the previous method, during surgery, the corneal layer on the surface does not occur, it only moves to the side. The recovery period lasts less than with the federal service of migration.

Laser Keratomilesis (LASIK). At the moment, this is the safest and most effective method of vision correction. The recovery period is short, the vision is already improved in the early hours after surgery.

Femtosecond Lec (Femo Lasik) is one of the modifications of the Lasik method, which helps to achieve perfect results. The risks are reduced, the return of vision and the rehabilitation period does not last long. Also, this method has fewer contraindications than the usual laser correction. The procedure can also be performed in patients with "dry eye syndrome".

There are other modifications of the main methods. Choosing the most important method in a specific situation is performed by the doctor.

Indications and Contraindications

Correction of Laser Vision, like any other procedure, has its own indications and contraindications. Indications are divided into two types: medical and professional.

A medical indicator for laser vision correction is the presence of such violations in one eye (the other well):

foresight; astigmatism; myopia.

Professional indications (specialties where it is inappropriate to wear lenses or glasses):

firefighters; The police; Military; People working in the industrial sphere (places where there is a lot of dust, smoke and other adverse factors).

Contraindications are relative and absolute. Absolute include:

Autoimmune pathology; Immunodeficiency; diseases affecting the processes and rate of after surgery; the presence of only one eye to the patient; myopia (progressive); herpesvirus infection; detachment of the retina; Cornea thinning.

List of Relative Contraindications:

diabetes mellitus; psychosis; Breastfeeding pregnancy; heart problems in the patient (presence of a cardiac); Ophthalmological diseases of an inflammatory nature; wounds in cornea (shells); Changes in retina and fundus.

The operation is strictly forbidden to develop people who have not reached the age of 18. This is due to the physiological characteristics (not fully formed by the eye of the eye).

Preparation for laser correction

When the operation to reset the vision is already assigned, the ophthalmologist recommends taking a number of tests and following certain rules. You may also need a consultation of other specialists: therapist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, etc.

Analyzes to be taken before the procedure:

general blood test; general urine analysis; HIV analysis; Syphilis analysis; hepatitis analysis; Coagulogram.

List of recommendations that are very important to perform for admission to surgical intervention:

Stop coating contact lenses (it is necessary to do this one to two weeks before surgery); Refuse a few days before the procedure from alcoholic beverages and alcohol -containing medicines; Place yourself in order before the procedure; Breakfast on the day of the designated date should be easy; It is impossible to apply the composition on the face and perfumes to the body before surgery; It is necessary to buy and get sunglasses with you (they will be needed after the procedure and during the recovery period); It is advisable to take a close person with a laser vision improvement, which will remember all the doctor's recommendations about the post -operative period will help to go home, and the first time will take care of the patient.

Fulfilling these conditions is very important, as the success of the procedure and the end result depends on it.

How the procedure is performed

Almost all types of laser correction are performed in 3 main stages. If we talk about the most effective, popular and required LASIK procedure, then it is as follows:

Phase One. A laser or microcarathy creates a fabric on the corneal surface and takes it to the side. The second stage. There is a change in the form of a corneal with a laser beam (it must correspond to the patient's individual parameters). Phase third. The flip returns to the starting position and is taken.

Many heard that patients are sealing their eyes during surgery. There are times when the patient wakes up during the procedure, and trauma is possible. In this situation, the eyes are not sealed during the laser correction, as the anesthesia points are inserted before the procedure and the operation itself lasts only a few minutes, so such measures are too much.

Post -surgery

The post -surgery period continues with each other. But after the laser's correction from Lasik, the patient feels an improvement in the early days and does not feel much discomfort.

After surgical intervention, it is necessary to clarify once again for all possible complications, to look for exciting questions, and also listen to the main recommendations.

The approximate list of actions in the post -surgery period (the duration of this period depends on many factors):

You can only sleep on your back; It is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist on certain dates; After surgery, it is necessary to wear sunglasses on the street (they protect against dust, infection and small particles in the eyes); You cannot touch your hands in the operated place; The prescribed drugs should be used strictly in time and in the quantity indicated; It is best not to wash your head in the first days after surgery; You can only wash with purified or boiled water; For some time, you need to abandon the use of decorative care and cosmetics; It is important to moderate physical exercise for some time (the doctor should report the end of the waiting limitations after examination); You cannot visit saunas, pools and other public places where you can catch the infection; It is necessary to reduce the load on the eye (refuse to read, watch TV, long -term use of phones and tablets); Strictly forbidden to drive a car in the post -operative period; If it hurts or feels strong discomfort, it is necessary to contact a specialist.

There are some nutritional recommendations. Since laser correction is still surgery, and therefore a certain stress for the body, you need to eat well.

As in any other period, food should be useful and contain the necessary vitamins. To improve the vision, it is recommended to eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C.

For this they are appropriate:

Fruits and berries: blueberries, apricots, peaches, kiwi, etc. ; Vegetables: broccoli, carrots, tomatoes, squash; Dairy products (cottage cheese); Fish: salmon, mackerel; Meat: chicken, rabbit, turkey; offal (kidneys and liver); Eggs (yellow yellow).

In the post -surgery period, it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol and it is advisable to abandon smoking.If health worsens in the first few weeks after surgery and the prescription of additional medication is required, the doctor should be mentioned in connection with the recent laser correction.

The risks and consequences of surgery

Despite the fact that laser correction in principle does not have any serious risk, there are situations when there are still complications and they lead to inappropriate consequences. The ophthalmologist and the patient, agreeing on the operation, should be mentioned in the waiting, should be ready for possible risks.

A list of possible complications that may occur during surgery:

The horn shell can be cloudy; Visual acuity can decrease; The image may start to double; Astigmatism develops.

Such problems can arise for various reasons: lack of experience and professionalism in a physician, incorrectly selected tools or a correction method, technical reasons, etc.

Complications that can occur after surgery:

swelling, inflammatory process, itching, pain and burning; allergic reaction to medication; lack of improvement or deterioration; Blindness (caused by individual intolerance).

A number of problems that may not occur immediately, but some time after surgery:

return of ophthalmical diseases (shortness of therapeutic effect); Dry eye syndrome; Pathological processes affecting cornea (keratoconus, erosion, etc. ).

The laser correction method has both advantages and disadvantages. Deciding on this procedure or not is the case of everyone. In some cases, it helps to improve the quality of life (makes it possible to walk without glasses and lenses), and sometimes saves from complete blindness.

Surgery

Despite the high popularity of laser correction, there are situations when you simply cannot do without other microsurgical surgeries. They save from the blindness of patients with glaucoma, cataracts and various retinal pathologies. And they also have a number of advantages and disadvantages.

To combat cataract, operations are performed to remove the lenses and replace it with a lens. Micro -surgery is also capable of dealing with retina diseases. To do this, doctors reach its full adjustment to the fabrics or remove wounds and fabric from the glass body with signs of pathological changes. Glaucoma is obtained from surgery to restore fluid balance in the organ.

Such procedures (surgical interventions) are widely used: :

Keratoplastic (through this procedure, the functions and shape of the cornea are reset); scleroplasty (an operation that helps suspend progressive myopia); Lens Implantation (FAKID): Farming and myopia are arranged; Vitectomy (during this procedure, pathological processes in the retina are eliminated) Lensektomia (during the lens surgery is removed and replaced with an intraocular lens).

Operative ophthalmical intervention can be crazy or superficial. Laser correction refers to the type of surface, and surgery to remove cataracts on the tape.

Surgical intervention comes to the rescue when laser correction is prohibited or unable to withstand a serious ophthalmic disease (cataract, glaucoma, etc. ).Therefore, if the doctor insists precisely in the surgical way of combating the disease, then he must trust him.

The treatment of ophthalmical diseases is rarely cheap, and this is not due to the desire of doctors to make as much money as possible. This is due to the high cost of the material and the equipment with which the treatment is performed. Eternal issue is also a decision to choose a clinic: private or state. In this case, it is difficult to imagine. The doctor from the state clinic may have more experience, and he does all the procedures efficiently and confidently, and the doctor from a private clinic has more conditions for successful work (modern equipment). Some doctors work at the same time in both private and state clinics, so you do not need to focus on the price of services. The presence of positive evaluations and recommendations is much more important.